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In a SW-NE traverse across the Tenere desert and the southern Tchigai mountainous region, only one generation of ancient dunes was found, overlain by recent, active eolian sand sheets and dunes. Paleosols on these dunes display red-brown to yellow-brown Bw horizons up to 100 cm thick and are classified as Chromi-Cambic Arenosols and Cambic Arenosols, respectively. The structure of the soil horizons...
Standardization of paleopedological nomenclature should rely on pedogenetic characteristics. Logical definitions of neo-, paleo-, recent, relict, fossil, and buried soils and horizons are presented, with criteria for their differentiation. Disharmonic intertype soils/horizons is suggested as a collective term for soils and horizons showing characteristics of both neo- and paleo-formations (the so-called...
Paleosols are soils that formed on landscapes of the geologic past. Three kinds exist - buried, exhumed, and relict. To help reconstruct paleoenvironments and for ease of comparison, we suggest a property-based classification system linked to genetic processes. We use enduring properties because alteration of paleosols following burial is common. Morphological properties such as horizonation, soil...
In the Holocene alluvial deposits of the Fraja Valley (Cadiz Province, SW Spain) we have used geomorphological, mineralogical, sedimentological and paleomagnetic data with dating based on radiocarbon and pottery to distinguish episodes of erosion, sedimentation and pedogenesis during the last 4000 years. The data sets allow us to distinguish soils formed in situ from transported soil-sediments. Three...
Urban soils in the central part of Moscow consist of a thick layer of municipal waste (the cultural layer). Its thickness varies from 2 to 5 m and can reach 20 m in depressions. It has been affected by pedogenic processes and also contains archaeological artefacts. Thus, it is simultaneously a soil, a sediment and a cultural layer. It is very stony, has a strongly alkaline reaction and is enriched...
Paleosols developed in various glacial and glaciofluvial deposits of potentially different ages in the southern Kamchatka peninsula of Russia are covered by multiple layers of volcanic ash and have been affected by permafrost. Weathering indices and iron fractionation data indicate slight differences in soil development between the paleosols on terminal moraines and associated terraces of two different...
Miocene carbonates intercalated in a deposit of Upper Freshwater Molasse (Middle Miocene), exposed in a limestone quarry at Heidenheim-Mergelstetten (Germany), were analysed geochemically and micromorphologically. The heavy minerals (fine sand) and clay minerals confirm the sedimentary interpretation of the formation as a sequence of Paleogene soil residues overlain by younger Neogene soil horizons...
Geomorphodynamic and pedogenetic processes were studied in a dry valley (the Borten Valley) within a typical loess region near Heilbronn. Land use in this area is very intensive and causes serious soil erosion problems. Soil mapping showed the degree of erosion of Luvisols and the resulting mosaic of different erosion and accumulation patterns. Soil profiles on slopes have been eroded and soils with...
In many sediment profiles of Central European floodplains, a black horizon is found between Late Glacial and middle to upper Holocene sediments. This horizon is rich in clay and humic material, and is referred to as ''Black Floodplain Soil'' (BFS). Its widespread occurrence in the Amoneburger Becken near Marburg (Hessen) provides some new insights into the period and circumstances of its development...
Profiles with multiple paleosols developed in loess at Kapela-Batajnica and Stalac were studied by chemical, physical and mineralogical methods to determine paleoclimatic changes through the Pleistocene. The cyclic nature of sedimentary and pedogenetic processes is indicated by the CaCO 3 content and silt and clay mineralogy. Stalac is 200 km south of Kapela-Batajnica, and differences between...
Weathering and soil formation rates are regarded as the main criteria of a tolerable soil loss. The efficiency of weathering in the seasonal semiarid tropics has often been greatly over-estimated especially in the geomorphologic literature in which weathering is assumed to be as fast or even faster than surface erosion. Six selected ''Red Soils'' in two intramontane basins of hyperthermic SW Nepal...
Palaeosols between deposits of the last two deep-lake cycles in the northern Great Basin have multiple carbonate-engulfed horizons, and compound calcic and argillic properties at depth. They are difficult to explain pedogenetically because they bifurcate in places, especially in basin centres where they are separated by sediments of a minor lake expansion of probable early Wisconsinan age. One sequence...
Twelve samples extracted from silt-rich sediments in intramontane basins (''duns'') in the Siwalik system in SW Nepal were dated by thermoluminescence. The samples from the sections at Arjun and Gidhniya, which underwent intensive postdepositional rubefication, yield ages between ca. 30 and 10 ka, whereas more yellowish clayey silt on top of red soil sediments at Babai Khola was deposited as recently...
The geomorphic evolution of the south-eastern Brazilian landscape is attributed to climatic changes coupled with tectonic activity. Soils developed on the resulting surfaces are mainly deep polygenetic Oxisols. The combination of stable landscapes (with continuously exposed soils) and neo-Cenozoic graben zones (episodically filled with sediments that may have undergone soil formation) offers the possibility...
Soil-archaeological studies in North Caucasus indicate that the expansion of broad-leaved deciduous forests from mountains to foothills and piedmont plain took place about 3000 years ago, after the Middle Holocene steppe stage. At this time, steppe Chernozems transformed into Luvisols under forests. Often the Luvisol profiles preserve the relict humus horizon and paleokrotovinas (mole tunnels) inherited...
Environmental magnetism, elemental chemistry, pollen, macrofossil, and radioisotopes were studied on top-metre cores from Ballydoo Lough, Connemara, western Ireland, to reconstruct the impact of changing farming practices on soil erosion in a lake catchment. Documentary evidence, including detailed agricultural statistics, gave an independent land-use history over the period represented in the sediment...
Sediment samples were collected from three known sources contributing to a depositional basin of the Upper Mississippi River, USA. The heavy silt fraction (2-63 μm, density >2.95) isolated from the sediments was analyzed for 42 elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) to give signature profiles characteristic of each source catchment. Known proportions of heavy silt...
Profile development indices of Harden [Harden, J.W., 1982. A quantitative index of soil development from field: examples from a chronosequence in Central California. Geoderma 285, 1-98] and Ferrari and Magaldi [Ferrari, G., Magaldi, D., 1983. Significato ed applicazioni della paleopedologia nella stratigrafia del Quaternario. Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona 10, 315-340] have shown their utility for...
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